Church Growth Research Project

The Church of England has started 2012 in research overdrive. Having stated on 3 January that it intends to ‘listen to England’ through the launch of twin projects to examine and enhance its ministry at the moments of birth and death, as noted at http://www.brin.ac.uk/news/2012/listening-to-england/, it announced on 11 January that it is seeking bids to undertake an 18-month project into church growth.

To this end, advertisements have been placed in the Church of England Newspaper and The Times Higher Education and on ReligiousJobsite.com, inviting ‘interested parties to tender for an exciting research programme investigating factors relating to spiritual and in particular numerical church growth within the Church of England’. The research will comprise three main strands: 

  • extensive analysis of existing church attendance and other data to test hypotheses around factors relevant to church growth
  • in depth profiling of a sample of growing churches (from a wide variety of contexts and traditions) and a randomly selected control group
  • a study of factors relating to growth at cathedrals, church planting and the impact of amalgamation of benefices and the use of different patterns of deployment of ministers

Consortium bids from researchers (including those with significant expertise in quantitative methods), church growth experts and those familiar with Church of England structures are especially encouraged. It is possible to bid for a particular strand or strands of the programme as well as to undertake the programme as a whole. Any team submitting a proposal to carry out the complete research will need to take a mixed methods approach, including statistical analysis and qualitative fieldwork.

Further details and a copy of the full invitation to tender are available from Kevin Norris (strategy and policy consultant to the Church and Community Fund) at Church House, Westminster by emailing kevin.norris@churchofengland.org or telephoning 0207 898 1767. The closing date for the receipt of tenders is 17 February 2012, with presentations from shortlisted contractors to take place in late February or early March.

In its press release, the Church of England explained that the project ‘is based on the Archbishop of Canterbury’s strategic goals to the new General Synod in 2010 – to take forward spiritual and numerical growth in the CofE for all communities’, and that it forms part of ‘a wider area of work around research and development (2011-13)’.

 

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Metal Theft

2011 was the worst year on record for the number of claims received by the specialist Anglican insurer Ecclesiastical (founded in 1887) arising from the theft of lead and other valuable metals from churches, according to a press release issued on 1 January 2012.

The total of such claims received by Ecclesiastical in 2011 exceeded 2,500, surpassing the previous record of 2,400 in 2008. The Diocese of Chelmsford headed the list for metal-related claims, followed by Lincoln, Lichfield, London, and Southwell.

Such thefts from churches were denounced by the general public in an online survey conducted by YouGov for Ecclesiastical on 13-15 December 2011, in which 2,058 UK adults aged 18 and over were interviewed.

In answer to an apparently somewhat leading question, 49% of adults claimed they were ‘appalled’ by the systematic destruction of places of worship through metal theft, with a further 37% ‘saddened’ by the crime.

79% supported tougher sentences for those convicted of stealing metal from churches (analogous to the 82% wanting harsher punishments for thefts from war memorials in a separate YouGov poll on 1-2 December 2011).

The full YouGov data have not been put into the public domain, but Ecclesiastical’s press release can be found at:

http://www.ecclesiastical.com/general/press-office/index.aspx

 

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British Future

Almost three-quarters of Britons consider that the country is a less religious place now than in 1948, the last time the Olympic Games were held here, according to a new survey by Ipsos MORI commissioned for the launch of British Future.

‘British Future is an independent, non-partisan thinktank seeking to involve people in an open conversation, which addresses people’s hopes and fears about identity and integration, migration and opportunity, so that we feel confident about Britain’s future.’

Fieldwork for the survey took place online among 2,320 adults aged 16 and over (including a boosted Scottish sample of 497) between 30 November and 6 December 2011.

Results were previewed in The Observer for 8 January 2012, with fuller analysis available in Rachael Jolley and Sunder Katwala, Hopes and Fears: The British Future State of the Nation Report, 2012, which can be found at:

http://www.britishfuture.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/BritishFutureHopesFears.pdf

Asked to assess various social changes which had taken place between 1948 and 2012, 72% said that Britain had become less religious (29% strongly agreeing with the statement, and 43% tending to agree). 13% were neutral, 13% disagreed, 2% uncertain.

The 59% in net agreement compared with 85% thinking women now had more choices available to them, 67% that Britain had become less polite, 61% that it had become more tolerant of gays, 44% that parenting standards had declined, 27% that there was less national pride, and 15% that relations between ethnic groups had improved.

The other question in the poll of potential interest to BRIN readers related to the biggest challenges which Britain was perceived to face in 2012. Only 5% cited racial or religious unrest among their three main concerns, with just 1% rating it as their top anxiety.

These were identical figures to those worried about terrorist attacks, and in joint penultimate place to environmental issues. Not unexpectedly, rising prices, unemployment, and public spending cuts headed the list of worries by a big margin.

 

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Sir Roger Jowell (1942-2011)

Professor Sir Roger Jowell, one of Britain’s foremost quantitative and qualitative social researchers, died (aged 69) at his home in the Forest of Dean on 25 December 2011, following a heart attack. A private funeral was held on 3 January 2012, with a public memorial to be arranged.

Jowell was born in South Africa on 26 March 1942 and read politics at the University of Cape Town, before moving to London to commence a career in market research, initially with Research Surveys of Great Britain.

In 1969 he co-founded, with Gerald Hoinville, Social and Community Planning Research, renamed the National Centre for Social Research (NatCen) in 1999, running it until his retirement in 2001. This not-for-profit organization has undertaken numerous surveys touching on religion, reflected in the 36 entries spanning 1974-2011 which will be found in the BRIN sources database.

Jowell will be particularly remembered for his association with four major survey programmes: British Social Attitudes (which he founded in 1983), International Social Survey Program (for which he was founding chair in 1984-89), British Election Studies (which he co-directed between 1983 and 2000), and European Social Survey (which he co-founded in 2001). All have generated significant religion-related data.

Jowell was a major figure in the wider social research profession, pioneering methodological and ethical innovations. He initiated the Social Research Association (SRA) in 1978. He became increasingly influential in policy-making and political circles, becoming an adviser to Tony Blair’s Labour administration (2001-05) and deputy chair of the UK Statistics Authority from 2008. He was appointed CBE in 2001 and KBE in 2008.

Formal obituaries have appeared thus far in The Times, 2 January 2012 and Daily Telegraph, 6 January 2012. Various online tributes have also been published, including on the NatCen and SRA websites.

 

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Listening to England

The Church of England announced on 3 January that the Archbishops’ Council is committed to ‘listen to England’ by launching twin projects to examine and enhance the Church’s ministry at the moments of birth and death (i.e. christenings and funerals).

The initiatives, which will be underpinned by new and independent research, will run concurrently until 2016. They will be overseen by Gillian Oliver, who has been appointed to the new post of Head of Projects and Development in the Archbishops’ Council. 

The context for the research is naturally one of continuing decline in popular demand for Anglican rites of passage, as reflected in the annual publication Church Statistics, the latest edition covering parochial data for 2009.

Infant baptisms in the Church of England numbered only 83,820 or 12% of live births in 2009. In 1910 the proportion had been 69% and first dipped below 20% in 2000. There were 176,660 Anglican funerals in 2009 or 38% of all deaths, down from 46% in 2000.

The two studies will be partly modelled on the Church’s completed five-year weddings project, also led by Oliver, and which is credited with increasing wedding bookings in participating churches by between 10% and 50%.

The weddings project commenced with three pieces of nation-wide empirical research in 2006 to explore public attitudes to marriage, weddings and church weddings. They involved: 

  • online interviews with 1,010 adult Britons aged 16-64, conducted by the British Market Research Bureau
  • face-to-face interviews with 1,742 attendees at the National Weddings Shows at Earl’s Court and the National Exhibition Centre, undertaken by Farrugia Leo
  • eight single-sex focus groups and eight couple in-depth interviews, by the Henley Centre Headlight Vision

An overview of the weddings project research is contained in Lynda Barley, ‘Marriage: Research and Reality’, in Stephen Lake, Welcoming Marriage: a Practical and Pastoral Guide to the New Legislation, London: Church House Publishing, 2009, pp. 26-36.

 

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December 2011 Cpanel

ComRes released two tranches of data from its latest Cpanel survey on 20 and 24 December. The study was undertaken among an online sample of 559 practising UK Christians aged 18 and over between 2 and 14 December 2011.

One set of tables featured the attitudes of churchgoers to Christmas. They were in fairly downbeat mood, to judge by the proportion agreeing with specific statements about the festival:

  • 93% that the true meaning of Christmas has been devalued
  • 88% that Christmas today is more about presents than Jesus
  • 86% that Christmas in the UK is seen as a cultural rather than religious holiday

Although 70% concurred that Christmas should be for everyone and not just Christians, only a minority (36%) argued that more should be done to include people of other faiths in the celebration of Christmas, with 45% dissenting.

The Christmas tables can be found at:

http://www.comres.co.uk/polls/C-Panel_Christmas_questions_Dec11_(2).pdf

The second set of questions, posed on behalf of Premier Christian Media Trust, related to the anti-capitalist Occupy London tent city which has been outside St Paul’s Cathedral since 15 October. Judgment of the courts has been reserved until at least 11 January on the City of London Corporation’s legal action to evict the protestors.

51% of practising Christians sympathized with the sentiments of Occupy London (against 29% who did not), albeit just one-quarter (27%) were certain that Jesus would have supported the movement (with 37% in disagreement and 36% unsure). 

But 56% contended that, by camping outside St Paul’s Cathedral, the protestors were actually targeting the Church of England, rather than the financial services sector. The same number disagreed that the protestors had the right to stay adjacent to the Cathedral.

Notwithstanding, Christians were divided about what action should be taken. While 44% agreed that the police should clear the protest camp, 37% said the opposite. Backing for forcible eviction stood at just 24%, compared with 56% who opposed any such step.

The Anglican establishment was criticized by churchgoers for its response to Occupy London. 66% accused it of mishandling the affair, and 56% of poor communication with the media about it.

Just 10% believed that Jesus would have endorsed the Church of England’s response to the protests (38% disagreeing and 51% uncertain), with 63% calling for it to speak out more strongly against the financial services sector.

The relatively small size of the sample means that breaks by demographics, which are reported by ComRes, should be interpreted with caution.

Replies by the 159 Anglicans do not seem to differ radically from those of non-Anglicans. However, older churchgoers were notably less well-disposed to Occupy London than younger ones. 

The Cpanel Occupy London tables are available at:

http://www.comres.co.uk/polls/Premier_St_Pauls_Survey_Dec11.pdf

Variations in question-wording and fieldwork dates make it difficult to compare churchgoers’ views about Occupy London with those of the general public, the latter already covered by BRIN in three posts which may be traced through:

http://www.brin.ac.uk/news/2011/occupy-london-londoners-speak-out/

 

 

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Christian Research’s Christmastide Pot-Pourri

A rather improbable 53% of Britons claim they will be observing Christmas as a religious festival in some way this year, 2% more than actually affiliate as Christians, according to an opinion poll published today (23 December 2011).

Fieldwork was undertaken online by ComRes on behalf of Christian Research between 9 and 11 December 2011. The sample comprised 2,009 British adults aged 18 and over. The data tables are available at:

http://www.comres.co.uk/polls/Christian_Research_Morality_Dec11.pdf

Abbie Heath has also blogged about the survey on the Christian Research website at:

http://www.christian-research.org/christian-research-blog/2011-12-22-15-59-40.html

Respondents were given a list of nine forms of Christmas religious observance and asked which of them they intended to do this Christmas. In descending order, the answers were:

  • Watch or listen to a broadcast Christmas service – 27%
  • Send a religious-themed Christmas card – 22%
  • Attend a carol service – 19%
  • Attend a nativity play – 16%
  • Pray – 15%
  • Attend a church service on Christmas Eve – 14%
  • Attend a church service on Christmas Day – 7%
  • Go carol-singing – 6%
  • Read the Bible – 6%

Predictably, Christians expected to be far more observant than non-Christians. Women were also planning to be more religiously active than men, the elderly more than the young (although the peak for frequenting nativity plays was 25% among the 35-44s), and – less consistently – the top social group (ABs) than the bottom one (DEs).

The 47% of the population who thought they would do none of these things were especially located among non-Christians (72%), 18-24s (62%), private-sector workers (54%), skilled manual employees (54%), and men (53%).

For 24% of adults (31% of Christians) the consumerist and commercial emphasis surrounding Christmas had supposedly made them more likely to think about ‘faith-based moral values’. But most (69%) said that they had been unaffected in this way.

It was a similar story when six other experiences of 2011 were raised. Only about one-quarter claimed they had prompted their mind to turn to ‘faith-based moral values’, rising to one-third for Christians and the over-65s.

The experiences concerned were: the summer riots; global financial instability; potential job insecurity; the Arab uprisings; personal circumstances; and the Occupy London protest (which triggered moral thoughts for just 19%).

Reviewing the past year more generally, Christians did not differ hugely from non-Christians in their assessments. There was most negativity about the state of world affairs (60% among Christians) and of British society (56% with Christians).

Looking ahead to 2012, Christians scored more highly than non-Christians on each of six measures of anticipated social activism. Nevertheless, only 34% of Christians said they would look out for the welfare of their neighbours and 30% donate regularly to charity.  

The largest numbers of Christians were found among the over-55s (69%), the ABs (58%), public-sector workers (57%), and women (53%). The biggest concentration of non-Christians was in the 18-24 cohort (69%).

This will probably be the last news post on BRIN before Christmas, but we will be back soon afterwards. Whatever your faith, or none, the BRIN team extends our warmest seasonal greetings to all users of our site.

 

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New Anglican Head of Research and Statistics

Dr Bev Botting has been appointed Head of Research and Statistics in the Archbishops’ Council, following open recruitment, the Church of England announced on 19 December 2011. She takes up the post on 13 February 2012.

Dr Botting will join the Church from the National Centre for Social Research (NatCen), where she has been Survey Outreach Officer for two and a half years, heading a survey research training programme for postgraduates and early career researchers.

Prior to that, Dr Botting was for a long time a statistician at the Office for National Statistics, variously majoring on child health studies, advising on the use of data for medical research, and leading on financial national social surveys.

Dr Botting succeeds Reverend Prebendary Lynda Barley, who has recently taken up the role of Truro Diocesan Secretary and Canon Pastor at Truro Cathedral, already noted by BRIN at:

http://vethicsinternational.com/brin.ac.uk/news/2011/lynda-barley-moves-on/

 

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Religious Christmas Cards

Supermarkets have become ‘ashamed’ of selling Christmas cards with religious themes, some Christian leaders have claimed in response to a survey published in today’s Daily Mail which showed that only 0.5% of 6,576 cards sold individually and 5.0% of 1,337 multipacks carried religious images. For the story, see:  

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2077278/Supermarkets-ashamed-sell-religious-Christmas-cards-obscene-ones-litter-high-street.html

The newspaper visited stores owned by the four biggest supermarket chains (Asda, Morrisons, Sainsbury’s, and Tesco) in seven areas: Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Colchester and Witham, London, Manchester, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Its findings were disaggregated by supermarket within area.

The chances of a shopper being able to buy an individual Christmas card with a religious theme were highest in Morrisons (1.7%) and lowest in Asda (0.2%). Tesco scored 0.4% and Sainsbury’s 0.8%. Tesco in Newcastle and Sainsbury’s in Colchester had most single cards with a Christian design (seven each).

Asda (3.0%) was also bottom of the list for multipacks including at least one religious card. Then came Morrisons (4.5%), Tesco (6.2%), and Sainsbury’s (6.7%). Colchester had the most choice, the Tesco store there having six multipacks containing a religious card and Sainsbury’s seven. 

The Daily Mail ran a similar survey this time last year, with even lower figures. The proportion of religious Christmas cards was then 0.2% for individual designs and 3.5% for multipacks. Details at:

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1337653/Stores-airbrush-Christ-Christmas-cards.html

Obviously, Christmas cards can be bought at many other outlets besides these four supermarket chains. However, impressionistic and anecdotal evidence would suggest that cards with overtly religious themes will not necessarily be in more frequent supply elsewhere either. Such cards have become a niche market and increasingly need to be actively sought out through specialist Christian retail shops and online/mail-order suppliers.

The debate, of course, is whether retailers are simply responding (as they claim) to lack of customer interest in religious cards, by not stocking many of them. Or are they, in effect, driving the trend towards more secular cards by disproportionately giving them shelfspace? The context is also relevant: the number of people sending Christmas cards of any kind has been diminishing in recent years, and the credit crunch from 2008 seems to have exacerbated the trend.

 

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