Religious Education in Scottish Schools

Scottish schools are failing to make parents aware of their statutory rights concerning religious and moral education and religious observance, according to new research by YouGov for the Humanist Society Scotland, and published on 30 April 2012.

One thousand Scottish parents of children aged 5-16 were interviewed online between 29 March and 4 April 2012. They were predominantly aged 35-54. A six-page report on the survey, together with a spreadsheet of the full data, is available at:

http://www.humanism-scotland.org.uk/content/education_research/

All Scottish schools are required, by the Education (Scotland) Act 1980, to communicate to parents their right to remove a child from any aspect of religious education and observance, if they wish. Schools are also required to offer a suitable alternative activity.

But in this poll only 20% of Scottish parents claimed they had originally learned of their rights through the school. 41% found out through another route, and the remaining 39% were unaware of their rights at all.

Of the 77% of parents who reported that their child participated in religious education and observance at school, 67% stressed the importance of children learning about a variety of religious beliefs as the reason, while just 15% cited their own religiosity for wanting their child to learn about religion at school. 18% wanted their child to stay with their classmates, 13% did not know that they could withdraw their child, and 11% stated that the alternative options were not spelled out by the school. Multiple answers were possible to this question.

Asked about the best approach to teaching religious education and observance at school, 18% of the full sample argued for the complete removal of the subject from schools. 71% supported a pluralistic approach (with 39% favouring equal time being spent on all main religions, and 32% coverage of all main religions but with a focus on the faith held by the majority of pupils). 4% felt that schools should concentrate on one religion.

Prompted about the specific topics which religious education and observance should cover at school, 16% of all parents thought that no religious or spiritual area should be included. 68% elected for Christianity, 48% Islam, 46% Judaism, 45% Hinduism, 43% Buddhism, 40% Sikhism, 39% philosophy, 38% atheism and secularism, and 21% Jainism.

In sum, therefore, fewer than one-fifth of Scottish parents wish to see the abolition of religious education and observance in schools, albeit this number might conceivably increase if there was more universal awareness of the parental right of withdrawal of their child from religious education and observance. 

As things stand, the overwhelming majority of Scottish parents appear to support the continuation of religious education and observance in schools, but on the implicit understanding that the delivery reflects all major world belief systems.

 

Posted in News from religious organisations, Survey news | Tagged , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Theresa May’s Bad Hair Day

Just over half (54%) of the British public think that Home Secretary Theresa May has badly handled the issue of the deportation to his native Jordan of Abu Qatada al-Filistini, the radical Muslim cleric given asylum in Britain in 1994 but who has since been implicated in Islamist terrorism. 28% gave a positive assessment of May’s performance in the affair, and 18% expressed no opinion.

The findings come from a YouGov survey for The Sunday Times, conducted online on 19 and 20 April 2012 following last week’s revelations that the Government may have miscalculated the date by which Qatada had to file any appeal against deportation to the European Court of Human Rights (which he did at the eleventh hour). Tables for the poll, in which 1,715 adults were interviewed, have been posted at:

http://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/skmim3awcy/YG-Archives-SundayTimes-results-200412.pdf

May is a Conservative minister in a Coalition administration with Liberal Democrats, so it is not perhaps surprising that there were a below average number of critics of her handling of the Qatada case among Conservative (39%) and Liberal Democrat (48%) voters. Labour supporters were very condemnatory (65%). The over-60s were almost twice as critical of May as the 18-24s (63% versus 35% respectively).

An overwhelming majority of Britons (81%) wanted Qatada to be deported now, regardless of his appeal, the figure peaking at 91% among Conservative voters, 87% of the over-60s and 85% of Scots. 14% considered Qatada should be allowed to stay in Britain while his appeal is heard and then deported if he loses; Liberal Democrats (23%) particularly favoured this course of action.

These results represent a hardening of public opinion since it was last tested by YouGov on 9 and 10 February 2012. Then 70% of respondents opted for Qatada’s deportation, irrespective of whether he would be guaranteed a fair trial in Jordan (the stumbling-block at that time being whether Jordan would use evidence obtained by torture against Qatada). For BRIN’s coverage of this earlier survey, see:

http://www.brin.ac.uk/news/2012/abu-qatada/

 

Posted in Religion and Politics, Survey news | Tagged , , , , , , , , | 2 Comments

London Mayoral Elections

Just a week after the publication of the Demos report Faithful Citizens, which established linkages between people of faith and progressive politics, comes evidence that religious issues are creeping into the forthcoming and hotly-contested elections for London’s Mayor.

This is suggested by a YouGov poll for the Evening Standard, conducted online between 13 and 15 April 2012 among a sample of 1,060 Greater London residents aged 18 and over. The full data tables are available at:

http://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/q040gzgswz/YG-Archives-EveningStandard-MayoralRace-160412.pdf

One of the questions asked was about the eleventh-hour intervention of the current London Mayor, the Conservative Boris Johnson, to block an advertising campaign on the capital’s buses by two Christian groups (Core Issues Trust and Anglican Mainstream).

The proposed advertisement appeared to suggest, as Johnson saw it, that ‘being gay is an illness that someone recovers from’. The poster was widely regarded as mocking one by the pro-gay group Stonewall which implied that homosexuality is perfectly natural.

51% of Londoners thought that Johnson had been right to ban the advert, rising to 58% of his own supporters, 12% more than among the backers of Labour’s Mayoral candidate (Ken Livingstone), who one might have expected to have taken an even tougher pro-equality stance.

Women were more likely to endorse Johnson’s actions in the affair than men, the 18-24s more than older age cohorts, non-manual workers than manuals, and whites than non-whites. 26% opposed Johnson’s intervention, with 24% undecided.

More generally, 48% of voters thought that, in his election campaign, Johnson wanted to help some groups more than others (with 35% convinced he was out to assist all Londoners). Of the former sub-sample, 78% identified rich Londoners as the group being advantaged by Johnson and 23% white Londoners. Only 5% each said Jews or Muslims, although the proportion reached 11% and 13% respectively among those intending to vote for Johnson as Mayor.

Slightly more of the whole sample, 53%, believed that Livingstone was out disproportionately to benefit only some groups of Londoners. Of these, 41% were convinced he wanted to help Muslims (rising to 53% among the over-60s), 40% Black and Asian Londoners, and 40% poor Londoners.

9% (and 12% of his own supporters) saw Livingstone as out to favour Jews, a figure which may be slightly inflated on account of the humble pie Livingstone has been publicly eating following his recent suggestion that Jews would not vote Labour because they are too rich.

This is not the first time that Livingstone has incurred the wrath of British Jewry. In 2005, when in his second term as Mayor of London himself (he was unseated by Johnson in 2008), he got into very hot water by refusing to apologize for likening a Jewish reporter to a concentration camp guard. Public attitudes to the controversy were tested out in a ComRes survey at the time, in which 50% thought that Livingstone had been wrong not to apologize and 32% right.

Coming back to the current YouGov poll, it would appear that London’s Jews are not seen as being especially courted by either of the two main Mayoral candidates. However, whether true or not, Livingstone is obviously perceived as making a strong pitch for the Muslim vote, in contrast to Johnson. 22% of all Londoners think Livingstone has the Muslim vote in his sights.

This accords with a widespread view in the 1980s and 1990s that Muslims particularly favoured Labour, but that all seems to have changed with Muslim opposition to the Labour administration’s military involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan in the 2000s.

Doubtless, fresh in Livingstone’s mind are the lessons of the recent by-election in Bradford West where Respect’s George Galloway inflicted a heavy defeat on Labour’s candidate (Imran Hussain), with a 37% swing, apparently as a result of a widespread defection of Muslims from Labour to Respect.   

 

Posted in Religion and Politics, Survey news | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , | 2 Comments

Holy Saturday Polls

Spending time with family and friends is the most important part of Easter for 43% of Britons, followed by having a break from work (18%) and only thirdly the festival’s religious meaning (17%), with the exchanging of Easter eggs trailing at 2%.

So finds a YouGov poll for The Sun, in which a representative sample of 1,742 adults aged 18 and over was interviewed online. The full data tabulations will doubtless be posted on the internet after Easter, but The Sun’s article can be viewed at:

http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/features/4243643/What-does-Easter-really-mean-to-you.html

79% of respondents had no plans to go to church over the Easter period, 16% thought they might (three-quarters of them on Easter Sunday), with 5% uncertain. It is likely that the good intentions of many of the 16% may well not translate into reality.

Weddings and funerals excluded, 12% claimed to be regular (monthly or more) churchgoers ordinarily, with 20% going very occasionally and 66% never or less than once a year.

19% said that they prayed on a daily or near-daily basis, 23% infrequently, and 54% never or less than once a year. 31% believed that prayer actually works, but 24% were unsure, and 45% adamant that it was ineffective.

76% claimed to know the Lord’s Prayer, while 21% did not. This compares with 55% of children aged 6-12 interviewed for BBC Newsround recently, far fewer than the 92% of adults who recalled knowing the prayer when a child forty years before.

87% considered Britain to be less religious than fifty years ago.

56% of Britons agreed that people should have the right to wear religious symbols at work, currently the matter of heated public debate and several legal cases. Only 11% disagreed, with 24% feeling that it is for employers to decide, and 9% uncertain.

There was less outright support for religious assemblies in schools. 31% thought that all schools should have them and 16% that they should not be allowed to, the largest group (48%) wanting schools to be able to decide for themselves. 5% expressed no opinion.

Commenting upon the YouGov results, David Meara (Archdeacon of London) writes: ‘This is a fairly accurate picture of the spiritual condition of our society – a mixture of increasing secularism with a desire for meaning and depth to existence.’

Meanwhile, another Easter-related poll released today is from Travelodge, in which 5,000 Britons were interviewed. Among the findings were:

  • four-tenths were not interested in the religious side of Easter
  • 28% expected to observe Good Friday as a fast day
  • 82% did not plan to attend church this weekend (much the same as in YouGov’s study)
  • 53% of children did not know the meaning of Easter, and one-quarter reckoned it is about celebrating the Easter bunny’s birthday

No details of the survey appear on the Travelodge website as yet (press and marketing folk in many companies are notoriously slow at posting press releases online, if they ever do), but there has been a small amount of news coverage. See, for example:

http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/313118/Half-of-kids-say-Easter-s-for-bunnies

http://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/view/244410/Easter-break-is-just-for-Bunny-s-birthday/

 

Posted in church attendance, Religion in the Press, Survey news | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | 2 Comments

Sunday Trading and the Olympics

Chancellor George Osborne is expected to use his budget speech today formally to announce Government plans to introduce emergency legislation to suspend the Sunday Trading Act 1994 for eight weeks from 22 July 2012, during the period around the Olympic and Paralympic Games, in a move designed to signal to the world that Britain is ‘open for business’.

Sunday shopping hours would thus be deregulated in England and Wales, permitting large shops to open for more than six hours on Sundays for the first time. No public consultation on the matter is mooted. Although the relaxation would be temporary, the Treasury has indicated that it will regard the suspension as an experiment, quantifying the economic effects of deregulation.

In the first test of public opinion on the proposal, an online YouGov poll of 676 adults on 19 March has revealed that 31% of Britons support the temporary suspension of restrictions on Sunday shopping, but that an additional 35% wish to go one stage further and abolish them permanently. That leaves just 27% endorsing the status quo and opposing any temporary change for the Games, with 7% undecided.

The strongest advocates of total, long-term deregulation are the Scots (46%), even though they already enjoy deregulated Sunday shopping themselves (since the Act only applies to England and Wales). Then follow residents of the Midlands and Wales (44%) and the 25-39s (41%).

Proponents of the current position, and thus resisting suspension of the Act for the duration of the Games, are particularly to be found among men, the over-40s, and Londoners. Of course, the attitudes of these demographic sub-groups may not only be conditioned by Sabbatarian principles but by a dislike of shopping (in the first two cases) and by anxiety about the extra disruption on the life of the capital (in the case of the third).

The full data table is available at:

http://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/k8huwhvfnq/Results%20120320%20Sunday%20retail.pdf

The results of this survey are broadly consistent with a OnePoll study for The People on 23 and 24 February 2012, in which 33% elected for unrestricted Sunday trading, with, at the other end of the spectrum, 22% wanting to turn the clock back to the ‘old days’ when most shops were shut and a further 12% requesting large stores to be open for less than six hours.

However, a GfK NOP poll for the Association of Convenience Stores (which defends the status quo) on 26-28 March 2010 revealed 76% endorsing the current six-hour limit on large shops, and only 19% opposing it. Moreover, 52% of those opponents actually wished to see no Sunday opening at all.

Lovers of statistics (hopefully, we have a few reading this site) may like to note that this is the 500th post on the BRIN blog since the service was launched on 4 January 2010.

 

Posted in Religion and Politics, Religion in public debate, Survey news | Tagged , , , , , , | 3 Comments

Western European Religion

There is no real consensus of public opinion in matters of religion, according to a new multinational poll from YouGov@Cambridge, published in connection with a symposium on the future of Europe, held at the British Academy on 15 March 2012.  

Fieldwork was conducted online among representative samples of around 1,500 adults in each of seven Western European nations (Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark) between 24 February and 6 March 2012. Topline data are at:

http://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/6xufjlailj/Eurozone%20Crisis%20-%20Cross-Country%20Report_06-Mar-2012_F.pdf

The religion-related questions amounted to something of a pot-pourri, certainly in relation to the more systematic questions about membership of the European Union and the European economic crisis, but are nevertheless not without interest.

Of the seven countries Italy generally emerged as the most ‘religious’ nation and Sweden as the least. Britain’s position fluctuated, with one-quarter or more of its citizens sitting on the fence on religious issues and others holding seemingly inconsistent views.

The three matters on which an absolute majority of Britons agreed were all rather negative: that organized religion is in terminal decline, that Christians and the Church should not be permitted to have more influence over domestic politics, and that Muslims are poorly integrated into mainstream society. Here are the headlines:

  • 24% of Britons agreed that there are some things in life which only religion can explain (France 21%, Germany 24%, Italy 36%, Norway 22%, Sweden 18%, Denmark 18%), but 49% disagreed and 23% were undecided 
  • 30% of Britons believed in a personal God (France 22%, Germany 34%, Italy 55%, Norway 28%, Sweden 19%, Denmark 26%) and a further 10% in a higher spiritual power, with 21% disbelieving, 17% agnostic and 22% uncertain 
  • 39% of Britons felt that it is good for children to be brought up within a religion (France 46%, Germany 44%, Italy 59%, Norway 27%, Sweden 19%, Denmark 31%), more than who said the opposite (23%) or who expressed no opinion (34%) 
  • 55% of Britons agreed that organized religion is in terminal decline in their country (France 38%, Germany 26%, Italy 54%, Norway 33%, Sweden 49%, Denmark 33%), with only 13% disagreeing and 26% uncertain 
  • 35% of Britons contended that the decline of organized religion has made or would make the country a worse place (France 24%, Germany 20%, Italy 32%, Norway 22%, Sweden 17%, Denmark 15%), against 32% who disagreed and 27% who did not know 
  • 25% of Britons thought that some religions are better than others (France 20%, Germany 19%, Italy 21%, Norway 37%, Sweden 29%, Denmark 29%), compared with 39% who disagreed and 31% undecided 
  • 15% of Britons wanted Christians and the Church to have more influence over domestic politics (France 14%, Germany 13%, Italy 16%, Norway 11%, Sweden 9%, Denmark 5%), but 58% disagreed and 23% were neutral 
  • 19% of Britons thought that most Muslims were integrated with national customs and way of life (France 24%, Germany 12%, Italy 19%, Norway 14%, Sweden 18%, Denmark 19%), while 56% disagreed and 19% were unsure

 

Posted in Attitudes towards Religion, Religion and Politics, Survey news | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Gay Marriage and the Church

The debate about gay marriage has become more charged during recent weeks, as the Government’s plans for its legalization in England and Wales approach the public consultation stage. In particular, there has been heavyweight opposition to same-sex (gay) marriage from the serving Archbishops of the Anglican and Roman Catholic Churches, albeit declarations of support from some other leading Anglicans. 

In its regular weekly poll for The Sunday Times, conducted online on 8 and 9 March 2012 among a sample of 1,707 Britons aged 18 and over, YouGov included several questions about gay marriage, one of which was: ‘Do you think the Church of England is right or wrong to defend marriage as an institution for just heterosexual couples?’ Results can be found on page 8 of:

http://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/8xrr8zjqs7/YG-Archives-Pol-ST-results-09-110312.pdf

In reply, 47% of Britons said that the Church was right to oppose gay marriage, peaking at 69% of the over-60s and 66% of Conservative voters (notwithstanding that the Conservative Prime Minister, David Cameron, is backing gay marriage). 37% criticized the Church, including 54% of Liberal Democrats and 50% of the 18-24s. 16% expressed no views on the subject (disproportionately Scots and the under-40s).

In most demographic sub-groups the balance of committed opinion was in favour of the Church. However, among Labour and Liberal Democrat voters, the under-40s, and Londoners pluralities were hostile to the Anglican stance, by margins of between 1% (in London) and 22% (18-24s).

The 47% who supported the Church’s defence of marriage as a heterosexual partnership only was consistent with the 47% who, in the opening question, said that they were opposed to gay marriage. But it is perhaps harder to square with the fact that 62% claimed that same-sex relationships are just as valid as heterosexual ones.

 

Posted in Religion and Politics, Religion in public debate, Religion in the Press, Survey news | Tagged , , , , , | 1 Comment

Religious Education in Schools

Fewer than one in seven Britons believe that religious education (RE) should not be taught at all in schools, and the proportion does not rise beyond 24% even for those who do not belong to a religion or 28% among persons describing themselves as not at all religious.

The finding – yet another contribution to the ongoing debate about whether Britain is or should be a ‘Christian country’ – comes from a YouGov survey undertaken online on 22 and 23 February 2012 among a sample of 1,690 adults aged 18 and over. Results were posted on the internet on 8 March at:

http://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/juzpkudtij/Results%20120223%20RE%20in%20Schools.pdf

At the other end of the spectrum, a mere 6% argued that RE in schools should be solely about Christianity, with 10% being the largest figure for any demographic sub-group (the over-60s).

However, a further 42% thought that RE in schools should be primarily about Christianity (the legal position), albeit with coverage of other faiths. The proportion developed into an absolute majority among Conservative voters (52%), the over-60s (53%), professing Christians (65%), and the very or fairly religious (58%).

Just under one-third (31%) wanted RE in schools to teach about all the major world faiths equally. This was especially the view of Liberal Democrats (45%), the young (48% for the 18-24s, 43% for the 25-39s), Londoners (39%), and the religiously unaffiliated (39%). 7% elected for none of the foregoing options or expressed no opinion.

 

Posted in Religion in public debate, Survey news | Tagged , , | Leave a comment

Occupy London Impact

Almost three-quarters (71%) of Britons believe that the Occupy London anti-capitalist campsite outside St Paul’s Cathedral, evicted by police and bailiffs in the early hours of 28 February 2012, did not achieve much or anything at all, against 18% who consider that it did accomplish a lot or quite a lot.

This is the finding of a YouGov survey conducted online on 28 and 29 February 2012, in the immediate aftermath of the eviction, among a sample of 1,778 adults aged 18 and over. Detailed data tables were posted on the internet on 8 March at:

http://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/vb5ebifzi7/Copy%20of%20Results%20120229%20Occupy%20London.pdf

Conservative voters (86%), Liberal Democrats (79%), and the over-60s (78%) were most likely to dismiss the protest as ineffective. Labour voters (29%) and Londoners (25%) were most inclined to think it had achieved something, in terms of raising awareness or influencing opinions and policies.

Two-thirds (66%) of respondents considered that the Corporation of London had been right to take legal action to evict the protestors, rising to 89% of Conservatives and 80% of the over-60s. 21% disapproved of the action, including 36% of Labour voters and 34% of the 18-24s. 13% expressed no opinion.

Notwithstanding these verdicts, 43% of the sample said that they supported the aims of the protestors (as opposed to their actions), 4% more than in late October 2011, when the St Paul’s campsite had been newly established. Such support was very strong among Labour voters (62%). 26% opposed the aims, with 32% unsure what to think.

 

Posted in Religion and Politics, Religion in public debate, Survey news | Tagged , , , , , | Leave a comment

Far Right Britons

The negativity of far right political parties, and particularly the British National Party (BNP), towards Islam and Muslims has been reaffirmed in a new report by academics at Nottingham and Salford Universities which was launched at Chatham House on 8 March 2012. Distributed by Searchlight Educational Trust, it is available online at:

http://www.channel4.com/media/c4-news/images/voting-to-violence%20(7).pdf

The research for Matthew Goodwin and Jocelyn Evans, From Voting to Violence? Far Right Extremism in Britain was funded by the British Academy. It is based on online interviews with 2,152 supporters of far right parties pre-screened from YouGov’s panel of 350,000 adults aged 18 and over. Fieldwork was presumably conducted in 2011.

Supporters exhibited a range of attachments to their parties: members, former members, identifiers, voters, and prospective voters. There were 485 supporters of the BNP (formed in 1982) in the sample, 1,505 of the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP, 1993), and 210 of the English Defence League (EDL, 2009). Some support overlapped.

74% of BNP supporters and 46% of UKIP supporters cited immigration or Muslims as the most important issue facing Britain today, and a minority (22% and 8% respectively) even suggested that the position of Muslims already in British society was the most significant challenge faced by the country.

88% of BNP and 85% of UKIP supporters disagreed with the statement that Islam did not pose a serious danger to Western civilization; just 7% and 9% agreed. In the case of the BNP, core supporters (members and identifiers) felt more strongly about this than those on the periphery (voters or potential voters), but the distinction did not hold true for UKIP.

92% of BNP and 84% of UKIP followers said that they would be bothered by the prospect of a mosque being built in their community, considerably more than the 55% recorded by the British Social Attitudes Survey in 2008. Again, BNP’s core supporters were especially concerned.

Perhaps the most worrying finding of all was that 92% of BNP and 75% of UKIP supporters felt that violence between different ethnic, racial or religious groups in Britain is largely inevitable, with the core of both parties most likely to agree with this forecast.

Although far right parties often try to galvanize public hostility towards minorities by emphasizing Christian themes, respondents to this poll were not unduly religious relative to the population as a whole. The proportion professing no religion was 46% for BNP, 42% for EDL, and 39% for UKIP supporters. However, there were fewer non-Christians in the sample than the norm.

The number of EDL interviewees in this survey was small. Therefore, BRIN readers might like to be reminded of our coverage of another investigation of EDL supporters at:

http://www.brin.ac.uk/news/2011/inside-the-english-defence-league/

 

Posted in Religion and Politics, Survey news | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | 1 Comment