Global Happiness study, 2022. Multinational survey, also undertaken in 29 other countries besides Great Britain.

Additional data were gathered by Focaldata from a nationally representative sample of 1,010 adults aged 18-24 living in Britain between 15 and 19 April 2022.

The sub-sample of ‘nones’ comprised 2,705 individuals who self-identified as not belonging to any particular religion. The research also included a qualitative phase, comprising in-depth interviews with 101 scientists, philosophers, theologians, sociologists, and journalists between autumn 2019 and autumn 2020.

The data for Jews and Muslims were weighted to be representative of their respective communities according to weights provided by the Office for National Statistics. However, the precise methodology for recruiting the Jewish and Muslim samples was not stated.

Pew Global Attitudes Survey, Spring 2021. Also undertaken in 15 other advanced economies. Dataset available at https://www.pewresearch.org/global/datasets/